Tuesday, October 9, 2012

Karma Vinyasa Yoga


Karma Vinyasa Yoga
Jennifer Sturgis
CSOCS 3452

I decided to attend the Karma Yoga Studio in Harvard Square.  Prior to attending the class I explored their website.  There were many pictures of this beautiful studio with a seating area, cafĂ©, two rooms for yoga classes, a gym, and a sauna (Karma Yoga).  I assumed that this was a more upscale, modern studio that attracted students who were interested in more modern practices of yoga.
In order to get a better idea of what sorts of students Karma Yoga attracted, I decided to look at the classes they offered.  They offer several workshops ranging from basic knowledge of yoga, to yoga dance and they have a variety of different classes available to take.  Most of the classes were Vinyasa yoga but they also had prenatal yoga and power yoga (Karma Yoga).  The prenatal yoga and power yoga classes gave me the impression that this was a studio involved in more modern yoga practices
I tried looking on the Karma Yoga website and elsewhere online for the history of the studio.  Unfortunately none of the sites I visited were able to give me information.  The studio website itself did not have any dates on it.  I was able to find in one of the instructor biographies that they had been teaching there for five years (Karma Yoga).  This at least let me know that the studio is not exactly brand new.
The class I chose attend to was a Vinyasa yoga class.  From the research I did before going to the class, I knew that in Vinyasa yoga, “the focus is on breath-linked movement” (Epstein-Lubow et. al).  Participants go from pose to pose while harmonizing their breath to these poses.  The emphasis is on movement and on pranayama, or breath.  Vinyasa yoga is considered to be similar to Hatha yoga but is a term used to describe many different kinds of classes (A Brief Guide).  Vinyasa does tend to be a “more vigorous style based on the performance of a series of…sun salutations” (A Brief Guide).
While searching for information on the origins of Vinyasa yoga I found that the modern version of it, beginning in 1948, is known as “Ashtanga “yoga (History of Ashtanga).  It is thought, “synchronizing breathing and movement of the asanas heats the blood, cleansing and thinning it so that it may circulate more freely” (History of Ashtanga).  This enhanced blood circulation helps to relieve pain and remove toxins, aided by the sweat that comes from a heated workout.  Many of the websites that came up while I was doing my research were for yoga therapy sites, making me wonder if it was yoga or the Vinyasa type yoga iteslf that was turning up these websites.
The Karma Yoga site had a description of Vinyasa that focused solely on the physical.  It informed me that the focus of the class was to improve balance, alignment, and posture and students would become more flexible and tone their bodies (Karma Yoga).  The description seemed to be geared more towards those who were interested in yoga for its physical benefits as opposed to meditation.
I participated in a slow Vinyasa flow class that was for all levels and was a 9:00 “get out of bed” class, which the studio has for a discounted price on weekday mornings.  I walked from my dorm to the studio along Mass Ave and tried to stay warm in the crisp morning air.  The studio blended right in with the rest of Mass Ave and I almost walked by because the sign was not easily visible to someone walking directly in front of the building.
When I walked in to the building I noticed a seating area with comfortable looking chairs and large windows that looked onto the street.  I was greeted by the receptionist who then had me sign release forms and pay my $10 fee for the class.  I was asked what kind of tea I wanted after the class, as it came with a free cup since it was a morning class.  The receptionist seemed annoyed with me when I took my time to see what the options were for tea and explained that I would get the tea after class but had to order beforehand since she would be busy with the students who came in after me.  I declined any free tea at that point and she directed me around the corner to the studio.
There was a small hallway with hooks on the wall for coats and we were required to take our shoes off before entering the room.  The room was large and dark with soft music playing.  It was quite warm inside the room, especially compared to outside.  There was a wall of frosted glass at the front of the room.  I was the second student to arrive even though I was a couple minutes later than their requested 15-minute early arrival.  We were asked to get props and a blanket from a supply closet to prepare for the class.  I laid out my yoga mat and sat down to prepare myself for the class.
The instructor recognized that I had not been to her class before and asked for my name and what my experience was with yoga.  She was very interested that I was taking a yoga class for credit at Lesley and asked many questions about the type of yoga we were taught as well as the program the class was involved in.  Even though I struggled to answer her very specific questions, she was very nice and made me feel welcome.
When the class started there were four students, including me, and our instructor who had her mat set up at the front of the room.  The three other students looked like they might be in their late twenties or early thirties.  One of them seemed to embody what I think of as a typical modern yoga enthusiast with her spandex and tank top.  The other two students both wore looser clothing and I felt as if I blended in.  The instructor made a point of talking to each person in the room, specifically checking in on any injuries or pain she knew students had been having.
We began by relaxing with our legs tucked underneath us, our foreheads touching our mats, and our arms reaching out in front of us.  We were instructed through relaxing our bodies and breathing in through the back of our throats and out as if we were sighing.  After we had relaxed for about five minutes, our instructor began moving us through several different poses.  The door loudly opened as a fifth student entered the room and apologized for being late.  The instructor welcomed her to the class and asked how she was doing.  I was surprised and found it a little rude that this student had been allowed in the room so late, especially in a yoga class that is supposed to be focused and relaxing.
As we moved through the different poses I struggled with not being able to pause and take a break.  The poses that we were doing involved much more exertion than I am used to.  I could feel all of the muscles in my leg during every pose and felt extremely weak when my legs started to shake partway through some of the poses.  I felt as though I was back in gymnastics and not in a yoga class.  From the research I had done before attending the class, I knew that Vinyasa yoga is supposed to be a more vigorous style but I had assumed that since it was a class for all levels at the studio, it might not be quite as intense. 
I am used to yoga not being so focused on a large amount of stretch and being more centered on doing the pose until feeling a slight stretch.  The poses that we were doing seemed to have a goal of pushing the body to its limits and seeing how far we could stretch.  I kept looking around me for reassurance that I was doing the poses correctly because, even though the instructor tried to slow down and explain some of the poses in a way that I would understand what we were doing, the other students had clearly been to the class many times.  I had found in my research that Vinyasa yoga requires a good knowledge of basic poses but the Karma studio website had mentioned no need for prior yoga knowledge and I figured I would be fine in the class.  Luckily I was able to keep up for the most part and copy what the instructor and other students were doing in their poses.
It was difficult for me to relax and focus during the class.  The studio must have been directly above the T and every time a train went by the noise would fill the room.  The street outside was busy and it was easy to hear every car.  I found the one glass wall to be distracting when all of the other walls were dark and not giving off light.  The instructor’s voice was not a soothing one, even though she was very nice and knowledgeable.  I quickly grew frustrated with myself for noticing all of these little details and being unable to let them go.
After an hour and fifteen minutes we lay down on our mats and relaxed in a pose that stretched our backs out.  I was glad to do this since I am used to always having back pain after any form of exercise.  I was surprised by how calm and relaxed I felt after noticing so many things that were making this difficult for me during the time spent there.  I think that it was the calm in my muscles after they had had a work out and from the deep breathing the instructor reminded us to do throughout the class.
At the end of the class, the instructor informed us that she would be available outside the room to answer any questions that we had.  The door opened and very quickly, students from the next class trickled in.  I was surprised that these students were allowed to enter the room before we had even stood up from our mats.  I wanted to slowly pick up my things and stay in the calm place I had found for a little bit longer.  I gathered up my belongings and walked through the front lobby.  The room looked like it was filled with students, although I estimated there to be about ten people.  There were a couple of girls who looked younger, maybe around 12 years old, some women that looked similar in age to the ones in my class, and a few men also around the same age.
As I walked down the street towards home, I reflected on the type of people who went to the studio and how I felt after taking the class.  It seemed to me that most of the students at the studio were young, giving Karma Yoga more of a modern feel.  Because of the gym at the studio, I got the idea that they were trying to cater to the younger generations and bring in more students through also having a gym available.  In many ways having a gym there too must make life easier for some students.  It is easy to get in a workout and head downstairs to a yoga class or take a class and then head upstairs to finish their daily exercise.
I decided that Karma Yoga was the kind of studio offering yoga classes that appealed to people interested in the more modern kind of yoga that is advertised all around us in yoga magazines.  While it did not look exactly like a modern, typical gym with its neutral color palette and free organic tea for classes before 10:00, it appealed to the masses.  Perhaps the neutral colors and tea were a way of covering up this popular idea to portray a more organic image.
I was relaxed on my walk home.  I usually walk quickly and like I am “on a mission” when I am walking through Cambridge but I went home at a leisurely pace.  I felt as though I had gotten some good exercise and had not expected to feel as though I had gotten such a work out from the class.  I knew I might feel sore later on in the day and, sure enough, about seven hours later, I started to feel my muscles regretting the morning’s activities.
After I had returned to my room I decided to look around on the Karma Yoga website some more.  I had been so focused on the classes that were available when I visited the website before that I had not explored the website more fully.  There was a link for biographies on the instructors at the studio.  I scrolled down and found my instructor.  I was surprised when I read that she was interested in mindfulness practices since she studied religion in college.  The class that I had taken with her did not focus very much on meditation, the opposite of what the instructor’s biography was telling me about her interests.  I wonder if she had to change her focus when teaching at Karma Yoga to cater to the population of students.  Perhaps she has found that her students respond better to classes focused on the physical benefits of yoga as opposed to the mental advantages.
The instructor I had for my class has spent time doing studies and yoga workshops with people who suffer from migraines (Karma Yoga).  I found this particularly interesting because I have suffered from migraines over the last six years.  It made me wonder why she does not teach any classes at the studio that involve migraine therapy or other types of pain therapy.  It seems to me that in a place as populated as Cambridge with young adults who may be interested in alternative types of therapy this would be a class with a lot of attendance.
While it was not the type of yoga that I am used to, the Vinyasa yoga class taught me a lot and I enjoyed the work out it gave my body.  It was definitely less focused on the spiritual side of yoga and more on the body.  The spiritual parts of yoga have always been a little more difficult for me to grasp and I never feel comfortable that I understand just what they are about.  It was slightly refreshing to me to participate in a class that centered almost completely on the physical because of my struggle with meditation.

Resources
Epstein-Lubow, G., Guadiano, B., Gillette, T., Kalibatseva, Z., Miller, I. Tremont, G., Uebelacker, L., “Open Trial of Vinyasa Yoga for Persistently Depressed Individuals: Evidence of Feasibility and Acceptability,” Behavior Modification 34 no. 3 (2010), pp 247-264. EBSCOhost.

“Welcome to Karma Yoga.” Karma Yoga. Web http://www.karmayogastudio.com/.
“A Brief Guide to Yoga Styles,” PT: Magazine of Physical Therapy 15 no. 4 (2008), pp 30. EBSCOhost.
“History of Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga.” Yoga Therapy of Michigan. Web http://www.yogatherapy-om.com/hatha-yoga/History-of-Ashtanga-Vinyasa-Yoga.htm.


A Look Into Baptiste Power Yoga


A Look Into Power Vinyasa Yoga
Baron Baptiste’s Power Yoga
Chelsea Contre
10/10/12
CSOCS 3452 Yoga: Theory, Culture and Practice
Laura Douglass

  

      Prologue 
      As we were given the opportunity to pick any Yoga venue, I decided that a more athletic approach to yoga would be appropriate since all I’ve ever known is how to be an athlete. At Baron Baptiste’s Power Yoga studio in Brookline Village, I felt welcome as I first stepped into the studio, with the light airy feeling of the room as the sun came in through the ceiling windows as well as the cozy feeling of cubbies lined against the wall for visitors personal belongings. As I spoke to the woman working the desk she sincerely cared about my health as she asked if I have ever practiced yoga as well as if I had water, a matt and a towel. She proceeded to ask me if I have ever practiced hot yoga, this question confused me, as I never knew exactly what hot yoga was nor that I would be practicing hot yoga that day in the studio. As I answered her shyly ‘no’ she then continued to update me that the room would be about 90 degrees and that I shouldn’t be afraid to go into child’s pose or asana at any time during the hour and a half class. As the class began with my teacher, Heather, she also reiterated the importance of listening to my body and feeling comfortable with going into child’s pose or asana whenever we needed to throughout the class. Little did I know that after this hour and a half Yoga practice, I would have a much deeper appreciate for the theory, culture and practice of Power Yoga.

The History and Practice
      Baptiste Yoga was founded in the 1940’s by Walt Baptiste and carried on through his son, Baron. As Baptiste Yoga emphasizes the more physical aspects of Yoga these styles were inspired by the hatha yoga teachings of Krishnamacharya and students Iyengar and Desikachar. The idea of Baptiste Yoga is to be available to anyone, serving all people through a “potent physical yoga practice, meditation practice and active self inquiry used as tools of transformation- encouraging participants to reclaim their full potential, discover creativity, awaken passion, create authenticity, confidence and new possibilities” (Baptiste, 2012) Baptiste Power Yoga serves everyone no matter the age, fitness level, or experience through adapting the practices to the individuals’ needs as well as using clear language and strategic techniques. This Power Yoga was created to “challenge and support you in attaining the results you desire and deserve in your life,” by increasing your energy levels and physical power and in return creating more confidence and strength in yourself (Baptiste, 2012). Baptiste Power Yoga is strongly emphasized to serve all people from parents, teachers, athletes, leaders and professionals, including people who suffer from depression, anxiety, weight loss, etc. The methodology of Baptiste Power Yoga is for people to become empowered leaders as well as inspiring, passionate driven and focused in their daily lives. The quality of life is very important in Baptiste Yoga,  not only during practice but through the professional and personal settings of your life as well. There is a lot of emphasis on the theories of increasing vitality, focus, quality and power through the stretching, strengthening and empowering of the practice and to be carried outside of the class in the body and mind.
      As Baptiste Yoga is relatively new it has also been seen as, “instrumental in transforming the face of modern yoga in America and many of his transformational yoga methodologies have been a part of society’s popular thinking on well-being.” (Baron, 2012) The methodology of Baron’s Power Yoga is providing “individuals and groups with a means to access the powerful benefits of yoga practice for themselves, but without the mysticism and new-agey overtones,” these new methods combine a fast-paced yoga practices with new ideas and skills in leading a group with still the individual in mind. Thus Baptiste Power Yoga was a practice that fell perfectly into the mainstream American culture, as many health trends today include being fit but also finding comfort and confidence in your own body through a more spiritual level.
      As there is much emphasis on the rigorous physicality of Baptiste Yoga many people enjoy the weight loss and workout aspects as well as the awareness of the mind with the body through pranayama. This new approach to yoga was created with the goal of  “demystifying yoga and making it accessible to everyone,” the culture of this type of Yoga is much more new and popular with American culture, as well as is an answer to many of the fast-paced lifestyles of many Americans, as it is a combination between the relaxation of the mind, body and spirit as well as a form of fitness (Pizer, 2012). This multi-purpose approach to Yoga invites anyone and everyone to find their own individual way to meditate and be aware of not only their physical needs but also their emotional and spiritual desires. This individuality is what makes the methodology of Baptiste Yoga so unique, as Baron Baptiste explains that the practice allows:
            “Each practitioner to adapt, modify, and make each posture, and each part of the practice their own. The whole emphasis, and practice, of Baptiste style of yoga is to challenge you to experience a transformation, but starting from where you are presently, and steadily building to a place that allows you to authentically experience the yogic rewards of being stronger, more supple, relaxed, and generally less tense.” (Pizer, 2012)
The ideology of Baptiste Power Yoga is to be aware of where you are now, and always remain in the present state of where your mind and body are at that moment. There is not one particular sequence that a Yoga instructor must follow in Baptiste Power Yoga but the methodology of this type of Yoga remains the same. As you become more empowered and grasp a sense of confidence through practicing Baptiste Power Yoga, you are capable of adapting and transforming into your desires of your life, weather it is on or off the Yoga matt.

Personal Experience with Baptiste Power Yoga
      Through this fast-paced Vinyasa Yoga class, I was continually moving and flowing into different asanas as well as synchronizing the movements with my breath. There was a lot of emphasis on breathing, pranayama, as it was very hot and the movements were strenuous and required a lot of attention to the breath along with the correct posture and form of each asana. Some moments the teacher would tell us to focus on the breath and other moments she would tell the class to let out a big sigh. The release of these big breathes created a sense of empowerment and reward in myself, as I felt my body and breath as one and was aware of the correlation between my breath and body through the movements in the class. I really enjoyed my instructor and really liked the comment she made in class when we were in asana, “reach and lengthen as you can now, not what you have done in the past or what you want to do, but what you can do now, listen to your body and be in the present.” Being in the ‘now’ was very important and emphasized throughout the class, as well as being honest and thoughtful with your body and mind as you moved into each position.
      After the class I felt a sense of reward in the physical workout, but I also felt a sense of lightness and wholeness within myself. A transformation that only I could experience, but it felt great. I also had a deeper appreciation and awareness for my breath. As I realized that my mind was the only thing from stopping me from trying some of the positions in the class, the harder the position the more aware I became of my mind and the negative thoughts. As I was aware of my thoughts I also became more aware of the connection between the deepening of my position to my breath, the more I focused on the breath the less I focused on my negative thoughts and the more I was able to reach my full potential in class.
      I did notice the difference between in class Hatha Yoga and Baptiste Power Yoga, as there was less time for sitting mediation and the meditation aspect of the class was more throughout the movements and positions. I found the class very challenging but in a good way, as I became more aware of my mind, body and spirit while being pushed to move in a fast pace in a very hot climate. The meditation was very much based off of the awareness of breath and I found this much easier to find stillness in my mind through focusing on the breath because of the heat; as it was already hard to breath in the hot climate of the room I found breathing helped me to adapt to the change in climate and empowered me to flow into each position as one with my body and mind.
      As for the demographic of the class, there was about 15 women and 5 men, as well as most of the people were approximately 25-30 years of age. It was a very American cultured class, as almost all of the class was Caucasian and relatively young and in tune with today’s style and desire of Yoga. The class had a more modern feel, as the pace was much faster and the language of the instructor was clear and direct. The language of my instructor, Heather, was very important throughout the class, she was stern as she first started the class with chants of “Om” and then proceeded to call out positions and giving tips along the way to increase each individuals’ potential, these tips included “with each breath loosen your muscles, notice where you have tension and focus on loosening those areas.” Throughout the class I was aware of Heather’s informative, knowledgeable, clear and direct tone but I could also sense her passion and commitment to the practice. She motivated the group through her way of talking but she also had a way of talking as if it was to me directly.
      Heather has been an instructor for ten years as she has devoted much of her time to studying and attending many workshops and trainings of Baron Baptiste’s Power Yoga. She is known for her energetic instructions in the class that will help to “inspire you in an honest, compassionate way.” (Community, 2012) Heather was first introduced to Baptiste Power Yoga in 2002 when she was suffering chronic back and shoulder pain from a car accident, as all of the traditional Western medicines failed for her chronic pain she tried Baptiste Yoga which ended up changing her life and injuries. Her passion is carried through her own experience, as she now shares her energy and transformation to her students.
      As I took the class without knowing this background information of the studio or the instructor, I now fully understand why the studio as well as the instructor was passionate and comforting. There was a sense of community and welcoming but once the class began it was all about the individual and the ability and potential of the individual. I really enjoyed the discomfort of the heat in the class as it pushed me to adapt and really listen to my body, causing me to focus and still my mind without too much stress or effort.

Conclusion
            In conclusion, I found Baptiste Power Yoga to be very beneficial to my individual needs and desires in both my personal and professional life. As I wrote in a more positive light about Vinyasa Yoga, it is not about what I think, but more about the needs of the individual. What I do sincerely like about Baptiste Power Yoga is the fact that the practice is made for the individual, there is no right or wrong way but what is best for the individuals mind, body, and spirit as one. Although I only attended one class, I will now be going weekly, I enjoy the meditation through movement and awareness of breath and I find that in a hot atmosphere I am challenged to be aware of my thoughts and to let them go, pushing my own potential which will slowly carry outside of the classroom as well.
            In Benjamin Richard Smith’s article, “Body, Mind and Spirit? Towards an Analysis of the Practice of Yoga,” he explains this constant challenge and need for meditative awareness of the breath to create a sense of wholeness between the body and mind,
“The body often seems to exert a ‘telic demand’ to quit the pose, whilst the mind simultaneously races in an apparent attempt to tear itself from the difficulty of the asana. Great concentration is necessary to overcome the powerful urges of the body and mind during such moments.” (Smith, 2007, p.15)
Smith further states that with continued practice the person will increase their ability to “maintain attention during periods of physical and mental challenge…practitioners find themselves increasingly able to focus during their practice of asana, rather than being distracted by the thoughts that press upon them- not least the thought of quitting,”(Smith, 2007, p.15) This relationship between the body and the mind can help to still the mind of all thoughts and focus the awareness on the present, Smith also furthers this idea by stating that the heavily engaged asana and pranayama help to draw the practitioner’s consciousness inward as external objects fall way. (Smith, 2007, p.16)
            From the first class in Baptiste Power Yoga, I have already experienced some of this liberty of stillness in the mind. I came out of class lighter and more connected between my body and mind. Just this glimpse of lightness has now driven me to continue to practice Baptiste Power Yoga to further understand the true meaning of Baptiste Power Yoga as well as adapt and transform my life and self from my desires and needs.





Works Cited:

Baptiste Power Yoga. (2012). Baptiste Yoga. Retrieved October 9, 2012 from             http://www.baronbaptiste.com/about/baptiste-yoga/

Baptiste Power Yoga. (2012). Baron Baptiste: International Best-selling Author and Teacher. Retrieved October 9, 2012 from http://www.baronbaptiste.com/about/baron-baptiste/

Baptiste Power Yoga. (2012). Community. Retrieved October 9, 2012 from             http://www.baronbaptiste.com/community/teacher/heather-patnode/

Pizer, A. (2012, June 4). Interview with Power Yoga Innovator Baron Baptiste. Retrieved October 9, 2012 from http://yoga.about.com/od/poweryoga/a/baptiste.htm

Smith, B.R. (2007). Body, Mind and Spirit? Towards an Analysis of the Practice of Yoga. Body Society, 13; 25, Retrieved October 9, 2012 from Sage Publications:             https://my.lesley.edu/@@/0282D739F9174ED872D871B2026EF891/courses/1/12-            FA.CSOCS.3452.01.71163/content/_987916_1/embedded/Smith%2c%20analysis%            20of%20the%20practice%20of%20yoga.pdf

self reflection paper


Eden Bellow
Professor Douglass
October 9, 2012
Bikram Yoga; Blood, Sweat, and Tears

The Yoga studio I attended is called Bikram Yoga NYC.  They have four studios around Manhattan and have been in existence since 1999. When I looked at the site and read their introduction I felt I had a solid basic understanding of what I was getting myself into. Before I get into my own experience I am going to discuss what Bikram is.
Bikram is a series of 26 Hatha yoga postures and 2 pranayama breathing practices. The typical temperature for a Bikram class, and the temperature I experienced, is 105 degrees. This genre of yoga was founded by a man named Bikram Choudhury. He had been doing yoga since he was four years old and won the National India Yoga Championship when he was thirteen. He remained undefeated for three consecutive years. He went on to be a weightlifter in the 1964 Olympics and stopped competing after a knee injury occurred (Choudhury, 2010). He went back to Bishnu Ghosh's school and after 6 moths had managed to cure his knee entirely. He then proceeded to create 26 postures that were applicable for any age and most conditions of the body. Bikram founded Bikram’s Yoga College of India (Choudhury, 2010).
            Bikram says, “If you follow my instruction and do my yoga postures Sequence to the best of your ability, you will live a better, healthier and more peaceful life” (Choudhury, 2010). As long as you follow what the instructor is saying and try your hardest then that is the essence of the practice. The heat is part of the practice because you can get deeper into the muscles allowing for maximum stretch (Nelson, 2011). Not only are you stretching the muscles to the fullest but also you are sweating profusely which is meant to help get rid of toxins in the body. It can effectively treat ADD, depression, and menopausal symptoms  (Yamanaka, 2011). The idea is that one pushes the body to the extent of its flexibility and then you stay in that pose until instructed to come out of it.
            The asana, when held in a steady and comfortable, yet firm and relaxed state, serves to “open the energy channels, chakras, and psychic centers of the body,” while simultaneously improving one’s muscular strength and maintaining “control of the mind” (Braun, 2012). It is known to massage the lymph nodes of the body and thin out the blood to clear the passageways. It increases your heart rate as well, which is the cardio part of the practice (Shundt).
            When I looked over the site to see what to expect it was made clear that all levels are welcome and no matter where you are in terms of Bikram practice, all levels are put in a class together. The website revealed that the teacher will always ask if it is anyone’s first time or if anyone has any injuries, and then they will proceed to give tips and offer support to those in need. I also looked at my instructor for the class, Yarrow Bucans. She has been a licensed Bikram instructor since 2006 and started her practice due to an injury.
            I walked upstairs to the studio and sat on the bench waiting to be let into the room. There were clean and dirty mats hanging on a long rack in front of me. It smelled like sweat and the scent started making me feel queasy. I noticed that a woman had to come in and wipe down the mirrors as well as cool down the room before we entered. There ended up being about 12 people in my class and the teacher asked me if I had ever done Bikram before; I said no. Throughout the class I paid close attention to how she filled each silence with something motivational: “Push and push and puuusssshh and release!” “Focus on yourself in the mirror don’t look down! Lock your knees, pull your shoulders down!” Her tone was intense and passionate, and it almost intimidated me. She would tell me, before the start of a new set of postures, that I could watch the first time and then join in when I felt I understood it. [I kept up with the class the best I could but holding the poses for so long in suvh a hot room turned out to be extremely challenging.] I was highly uncomfortable and found that I could not do any of the poses to the best of my ability because my emotions where getting the best of me. When we moved to the floor postures, I started to have a real problem. My mind was too busy freaking out about not knowing how much time I had left, I felt unfamiliar sensations in my body, and I was uncomfortable feeling my sweaty skin against my face, stomach and legs. I felt like leaving the room but I knew I couldn’t do that, so out of frustration I started to cry. I cried for the last twenty minutes and kept talking myself out of panicking and reminded myself that everything is temporary. The only part I enjoyed was the shivasanas we would have in between the floor stets. I liked them because I felt like my body had become my heart. I felt my entire being pulsing with the beat of my heart; it was amazing. Once I had to get into the next posture the tears would start to flow again.
            During class the teacher saw my distress. She kept talking to the class (for my benefit really) about how it is totally normal and acceptable to get emotional during the practice and to feel dizzy and nauseous. She told stories about her own emotional experiences in Bikram classes and said, “I am very compassionate towards those having a difficult time in this class, and know that I understand what this is like, you can do this.” Her statement made me think, Why am I getting so emotional? Why am I panicking? Am I okay now?  Afterwards I realized a few things. First I remembered that I am very hypersensitive to heat, I can’t even have hot water on my face! I was crying because I was uncomfortable and my hypersensitivity was skyrocketing in a manner it never has before. I was panicking because I had forgotten how long the class is supposed to be and so I freaked out at not “knowing.” I didn’t like how queasy I felt in some postures and was angry with myself for not trying as hard as I could and for letting my emotions distract me. When I asked myself if I was okay now... all I could say was “NO!”  Meanwhile the teacher was keeping an eye on me the entire time and simply let me have my reactions.
            After the class was over, I slowly walked to the locker room and she came in soon after. Yarrow asked me, “where you crying for any specific reason?” I told her that I was crying, because I was uncomfortable and claustrophobic; I was on the verg of panic for most of it. She then shared with me that she had had OCD and general anxiety disorder and that it all went away when she stuck with the practice. She encouraged me to come again the next day and said it would be easier because my body will be better adjusted.
Her response to my reaction told me a little bit about the theory behind this type of yoga. It showed me that Bikram is about pushing through the discomforts to get to a more balanced place. Yarrow could see that I was not doing the poses to the best of my ability and that I was letting my emotions take over. The idea behind Bikram is, as long as you do each post as best you can, then you will get a lot more out of it. This, I felt I had failed to do. Yarrow’s perspective was, not to let this first time experience hinder my perception of this type of practice and that in the end, it will help me not hurt me.
What she was saying throughout the class did cohere with the actual postures As we would go through each posture she her tone remained motivational and loud. This went well with the actual asanas because each pose is precise and simple, but you are also in them to explore the boundaries of your physical and emotional self.  What seemed odd to me were the transitions between the poses. I am used to shivasana being at the end of the class, but she had them for two minuets between every seated set of postures. That sensation I described earlier on, about feeling my entire body pulsate, was an experience I have never had before. Something that surprised me was that at the end of the class she congratulated me on making it through my first Bikram class and she got the entire class to clap. I found this strange because I am not used to being acknowledged in yoga. iI was nice, but I was too uncomfortable to even put a smile on my face.
To be completely honest, nothing really seemed “right” to me. This was such a new experience and most of the poses were unfamiliar. But I will say that this was the first yoga class where I truly didn’t push myself.  Foe example, I was told to lock my knee and bend my entire spine! This seemed contradictory to my entire practice. I have been yogically conditioned to be careful with my knee and to keep my spine "safe.” I have always done back bends but I have never felt pain in my shoulders like I did in this class and even though I held back I felt as though I was asking too much of my body. I let myself observe first and join later as well as sometimes not going all the way in a pose. Some of that was due to how uncomfortable my innards felt in certain postures but most of it was my fear of not knowing what to expect. Everyone’s experience is different, but there is no way I would have gone to this class if someone had told me what my class was going to be like.
I think my interpretation of Bikram is influenced by my culture in a couple of ways. Typically my culture would view this practice as an unhealthy form of exercise. Although Americans tend to take exercise to the extreme in a lot of cases, I think the fact that crying and getting dizzy and nauseous is kind of expected in Bikram would be a major concern for my culture. If you are crying and on the verge of a panic attack (like myself) then you should probably walk out and take care of yourself. I certainly wanted to leave because my culture doesn’t encourage me to subject myself to a painful experience. Instead, I stayed and pushed myself and was encouraged to stick it out.
Even though it might not become as popular as gentler forms of ypga, America would definitely support the extreme parts of this practice because it has multiple benefits: it can cure certain mood disorders, help you lose weight, build flexibility, get rid of toxins, and cleanse the body in many ways. Since Bikram is the same all over the world, I think that America probably hasn’t influenced this type of yoga all that much. Bikram seems to be pretty simple and straightforward, you get out what you put in 100%. I will never do this type of yoga again, but even though I had a challenging experience I am proud to say that I tried and stayed till the class was completely over.



References


Braun, T. (2012, June 13). Bikram yoga may improve fitness and sleep.

Choudhury, B. (2010). Bikram choudhury.

Nelson, R. (2011, January 03). The history of hot yoga.

Yamanaka, M. (2011, May 30). Bikram yoga: What's the science?.
Fitpro, 12-14.

Wednesday, May 16, 2012

Yoga as a Treatment Approach for Psychological Disorders--Allison Kenney

 



















Yoga as a Treatment Approach for Psychological Disorders

CSOCS 3452 Yoga: Theory, Culture and Practice
Professor Laura Douglass 





by Allison Kenney
















 
           
            Yoga is becoming  much more widely practiced and understood for its physical benefits throughout the country. As yoga gains popularity scientists are further researching its benefits to the human body. Yoga has been seen to cure diseases such as diabetes, asthma and heart disease. It is considered an option as a complement to treatment for cancer patients, or those recovering survivors of cancer. While typically considered a practice to achieve greater physical strength and health, especially from the western perspective, yoga is now gaining popularity as a possible option in the treatment of psychological disorders, as a result of its therapeutic success.  From 1996 to 2006 diagnosed cases of mental disorder rose by about 60% among adults ages 18-64 (Novotney, 2010). This significant rise in mental disease is alarming and calls for an exploration of new treatment approaches and alternative healing practices. Yoga provides a much less toxic approach to healing than the traditional route of talk therapy with medication. In a nation where overmedication is abundant, we must look to natural alternatives to heal. Including yoga as a component of treatment has become a feasible option for a wide array of mental disorders. This is partly because of the recent, but delayed, acknowledgement of yoga’s power on the mind. Yoga is being acknowledged for its meditative and healing qualities in the treatment of patients with eating disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, etc.

GABA levels
            According to a study at McLean hospital, yoga increases GABA levels in the brain. GABA is a neurotransmitter which inhibits nerve transmission in the brain crucial in the role of calming nervous activity. It controls the release of dopamine, epinephrine and norepiphrine. Low levels of GABA are associated with depression and mental disease (Streeter, 2007). Two groups of study participants were asked to participate in different activities—one group read for sixty minutes and the other group participated in yoga for sixty minutes. The participants GABA levels were monitored using MRI technology both before and after their participation in the given activity. Those who participated in the yoga practice for an hour showed a 27% (average) increase in GABA levels. (Streeter, 2007). This study supports the theory that yoga could provide relief to patients struggling with anxiety, depression, self-harm, etc. From a Western perspective, finding scientific proof to support this theory is practically essential to the integration of yoga in a medical setting. Findings like these help “demonstrate the psychotherapeutic value of Yogic practices” (Bhusan,1994). Yoga’s direct positive effect on the brain’s chemistry is clear evidence of its potential for healing those suffering with mental disorder, anxiety, and depression.

Eating Disorders and Yoga

            Women make up 90-95% of the population of Americans with eating disorders (Boudette, 2006) . In a society where media places so much value on external appearance of the body, the body becomes an entity separate from the mind. “This is not surprising given societal prejudice in favor of lean, muscular bodies, and social sanctions against bodies that fall short of this ideal.” (Berman, 2000) There are cultural expectations placed upon the woman whose body  does not fit the expectations of society, and she finds herself constantly wanting to  change herself rather than working internally towards accepting and loving herself. This attitude of wanting to change and improve the body produces a perception of the body as an object, something separate from the self that desires to change it. Lester talks about this “Cartesian duality of mind and body which infuses Western culture and is continually produced and socially embodied in its institutions.” (Lester, 1997). Restricting food intake (disordered eating), bingeing and purging are common behaviors used by women to alter their bodies to fit the expectations placed upon them by society.  This culturally ingrained split often  leads to the development of eating disorders .

Practice as Therapeutic Intervention

            Through asanas (poses) and pranayama (breathing) the student is engaged in the practice and learns to focus on internal sensations of the body. Women with eating disorders become so disconnected with their bodies and their internal feelings, explaining how  they ignore natural internal signals such as hunger. The goal of integrating yoga as a therapeutic practice for patients with eating disorders is that they become more aware of the feeling of their body rather than the appearance. The word Yoga means “union”, (Dittman, 2008) and the ultimate goal is that through this newfound awareness the body can start to become one with the mind. Firstly, recognizing the sensations of the body, and then respecting those sensations, rather than pushing the body is opposite of the normal tendency of a person with an eating disorder, which allows them to nurture a new relationship with the body through the practice of yoga
            Robin Boudette explains the multitude of common goals in recovery that can be met through the practice of yoga: “I help identify goals in recovery that may transfer to taking a yoga class, such as: cultivating self-acceptance, respecting personal boundaries, challenging resistance, or tolerating discomfort.” (Boudette, 169). By identifying these goals, yoga teachers can modify the practice of yoga to specifically accommodate their patient’s treatment objectives. This being said, many yoga classes are not suitable for patients with eating disorders. Classes that bring too much focus to the physical aspect of yoga and less on the meditative aspect can actually be counterproductive in the treatment of a patient. “People with eating disorders suffer from a form of addiction, and their orientation is toward perfection.” (Berman, 2000). This tendency towards perfection may at first complicate the yogic practice of a patient suffering from an eating disorder. Patients with eating disorders may also find that relaxation provokes a feeling of anxiety because they feel that they are losing control. Yoga is about being content with where one is within the present moment, not pushing oneself harder to achieve. “..Early recognition of forcing vs. releasing into a posture is fostered. This recognition begins a process of listening to the body rather than willfully molding it into an external or internal image.” (Berman, 2000).
            Through asanas and pranayama the student is engaged in the practice and learns to focus on internal sensations of the body. Traditional treatment for eating disorders arguably focuses too much on the mind, and neglects the body which is so fundamental to the disease itself.  Women with eating disorders become so disconnected with their bodies and their internal feelings, explaining how  they ignore natural internal signals such as hunger. The goal of integrating yoga as a therapeutic practice for patients with eating disorders is that they become more aware of the feeling of their body rather than the appearance. Through this newfound awareness the body can start to become one with the mind. “postural yoga uses the body as a vehicle for self-discovery, through observation and attention.” (Dittman, 2008).  Firstly, recognizing the sensations of the body, and then respecting those sensations, rather than pushing the body is opposite of the normal tendency of a person with an eating disorder, which allows them to nurture a new relationship with the body through the practice of yoga.   As Swami Satyananda says : “yoga is a science of consciousness.” (Satyananda Saraswati, 1980) this consciousness is essential to overcoming this separation of mind and body, which is at the root of most eating disorders.

Yoga in the treatment of PTSD

            Yoga has also been very successfully used as a component of therapy for sufferers of Post-traumatic stress disorder. This disorder is caused by some kind of traumatic event. The sufferer experiences debilitating flashbacks and memories of the event(s). People who experience PTSD are often veterans of war, survivors of abuse, etc. (Wills, 2007).  Post-traumatic stress disorder is an extreme disconnection. Sufferers generally experience disassociation. Using yoga is a means of focusing internally on the sensations of the body, taking away the focus on flashbacks and anxiety, as well as keeping the person in the present moment. Practicing yoga also allows some PTSD patients to experience relaxation,  a sensation not easily experienced by those affected by PTSD.  Van Der Kolk as quoted by Denise Wills says “The memory of the trauma is imprinted on the human organism. I don’t think you can overcome it unless you learn to have a friendly relationship with your body.” (Wills, 2007) Much like yoga’s therapeutic uses for eating disorder treatment, the goal is to re-establish a connection with the body that is based on a healthy foundation of biofeedback.
            Ritu Sharma (as quoted by Amy Novotney) explains, "When people experience trauma, they may experience not only a sense of emotional disregulation, but also a feeling of being physically immobilized," (Novotney, 2009 ) it is this very physical aspect of PTSD that suggests traditional talk therapy may not be enough to help . Yoga could very well act as this link to connect traditional therapy with a more physical approach to treatment.  Multiple studies have been performed on the effects of yoga on patients affected by PTSD with similar results of reported improvement in quality of life and lessened occurrences of symptoms. (Wills, 2007).

            While these patients need a connection of mind and body, the treatment that is designed for these disorders must meet these needs. By addressing only the mind and the psychology, the therapist and patient only address one facet of the issue.

Conclusion


            While yoga is not a “fix” for any mental disease, it is a beneficial therapeutic component for many. It is partly due to the fact that the idea of “fixing” and “curing” is not something necessarily believed in a Yogic perspective. From a Yogic perspective you are as you are and there is no curing, fixing, or changing necessary. It is practiced with the belief that everything you need is already inside of you. This contradiction in Eastern and Western perspectives can be frustrating to a patient suffering from mental disease practicing yoga. As Americans there is an expected solution to a problem.  However the continual practice of yoga allows a shift in this culturally inherent perspective. Yoga works in synchrony with the body in ways that traditional psychotherapy does not address. Richard Gevirtz, PhD as quoted by Novotney says “Psychologists have painted themselves in the corner by only doing talk therapy. There's much more that can be accomplished if you integrate it with other sorts of modalities, such as biofeedback, relaxation training or yoga.” (Novotney, 2009) Traditional psychotherapy reflect a very western approach, where the “mind” is viewed as the problem, and thus it is the sole focus of therapy. Perhaps yoga’s therapeutic success is due to the inclusion of both the body and mind, which fundamentally exists as one at the root of most mental disease.

 
References


            Berman, Marcie. "Yoga and Eating Disorders." Yoga World: International Newsletter for Yoga Teachers & Students Oct-dec.15 (2000): 8-10. Alternative Health Watch. Web.
           
            Boudette, Robin. "Question& Answer: Yoga In The Treatment of Disordered Eating and Body Image Disturbance." Eating Disorders 14.2 (2006): 167-70. Routledge, 2006. Web. 1 May 2012.

            Brown, Richard P. "Sudarshan Kriya Yogic Breathing in the Treatment of Stress, Anxiety, and Depression: Part II--Clinical Application and Guidelines." The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 11 (2005): 711-17.

            Dittmann, Katherine Anne, "Body awareness, eating attitudes, and spiritual beliefs of women practicing yoga" (2008). Master's Theses. Paper 3515. http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/3515

            Lester, Rebecca J. The (dis)embodied Self in Anorexia Nervosa. Thesis. University of California at San Diego, 1997. Elsevier Science, 1997. Web.

            Majchrzak, Tammy L. "Yoga for Mental Health." Positive Health (2007): 42-44. Print.

            Novotney, Amy. "Yoga as a Practice Tool." Yoga as a Practice Tool. APA, Nov. 2009. Web. 11 May 2012. <http://www.apa.org/monitor/2009/11/yoga.aspx>.


            Streeter, Cc. Yoga Asana Sessions Increase Brain GABA Levels: A Pilot Study. Rep. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 13 May 2007. Web. 26 Apr. 2012. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17532734?dopt=Abstract>. Web.


            Satyananda, Saraswati. Yoga, from Shore to Shore: A Collection of Lectures. Monghyr, India: Bihar School of Yoga, 1980. Print.

            Wills, Denise K. "Heal Life's Traumas." Editorial. Yoga Journal June 2007: 41-44. EBSCO. Web. 2 May 2012.